The School Of Anti Bullying - 1572 Words

†¢ they are helped to rebuild confidence and resilience †¢ they know how they can get support from others. Response to the child/children who engage in bullying behaviour have: †¢ sanctions and learning programmes which hold them to account for their behaviour and help them to face up to the harm they have caused †¢ they learn to behave in ways that do not cause harm in future because they have developed their emotional skills and knowledge. †¢ they learn how they can take steps to repair the harm they have caused. †¢ the whole-school community is clear about the anti-bullying stance the school takes. †¢ pupils, as well as staff and other members of the school, are fully engaged in developing and reviewing anti-bullying work in the school. †¢ every chance is taken to celebrate the success of anti-bullying work. †¢ all pupils are clear about the roles they can take in preventing bullying, including the role of bystanders. For the proprietor, Head and School’s specialist team †¢ they develop whole-school policies that meet the law and school-inspection requirements †¢ they promote a school climate where bullying and violence are not tolerated and cannot flourish †¢ they continually develop best practice based on knowledge of what works †¢ there is a review of the school anti-bullying policy every two years and, as a result, the policy and procedures are updated as necessary †¢ curriculum opportunities are used to address bullying †¢ pupil-support systems are in place to prevent andShow MoreRelatedAnti Bullying Programs And Schools1302 Words   |  6 Pagesincreased stress on schools to recognize bullying an issue. Some schools are implementing anti-bullying programs and schools are hoping the programs will be effective. Schools, teachers, staff, students and parents need to realize that bullying is not going to go away over night, but each program students learn will help them become more accepting and empathetic. Anti-bullying programs are effective in schools and give students lessons they will reference to their whole lives. Bullying in the United StatesRead MoreThe Schools Anti Bullying Policies937 Words   |  4 Pagesformer Victorian high school, Cardiff College, for negligence. She claimed that her school board and administrators had breached their duty of care by failing to properly implement the schools anti-bullying policies. She alleged that whilst she had been enrolled at the school (June 2013 – November 2014), she had been physically injured, humiliated, and regularly bullied. In October 2013, she was diagnosed with social anxiety and depression believed to have been triggered by bullying and discriminationRead MoreSchool Anti Bullying Programs Are Not Effective Enough At Preventing Bullying1109 Words   |  5 PagesBullying is the unwanted aggressive discrimination that mostly happens in middle school. Children who get bullied are always bullied because of race, religion, physical disability or sexual orientation. Bullies mostly are children who are being abused at home or they are de linquent. School anti-bullying programs are getting expensive and schools are backing out. Some programs deliver the wrong idea for children. Most anti-bullying school programs are refusing to protect LGBT students who get bulliedRead MoreEssay on Anti-bullying Programs in Schools: Are They Truly Working?1734 Words   |  7 PagesMany schools make sure that structure and education come first in their students’ career paths. Education is important and necessary for future life, but sometimes there is something else going on in these schools besides the education and structure. In recent years bullying has risen in school settings. Schools through out the world are starting to take precaution in their fights against bullying and are organizing anti-bullying programs. The problem is many schools do not even realize that bullyingRead MoreShould There Be Specific Anti Gay Bullying Policies in Schools3384 Words   |  14 PagesShould There Be Specific Anti-Gay Bully Polices in Schools First let’s be clear about definitions concerning this essay. Bully: One who is habitually cruel to smaller or weaker people (The American Heritage Dictionary 2007). An aggressive person who intimidates or mistreats weaker people, (Encarta dictionary, 2012). Bullying: The process of intimidating or mistreating somebody weaker or in a more vulnerable situation (Encarta dictionary, 2012). Bullying for this paper: Any act of harassmentRead MoreBullying And Victims Of Bullying1607 Words   |  7 PagesRationale: Bullying has become a relevant and serious problem over the past decade, especially among children between the ages of 4 and 16. Bullying is defined as unwanted, aggressive behaviors such as threats, spreading rumors, or attacking someone physically or emotionally. Additionally, in recent years cyber-bullying, which is considered bullying on the Internet, has increased. Not only can bullying cause detrimental problems in the future for the victim but, research shows that the bully him/herselfRead MoreThe Legislation Regarding Safeguarding And Chid Protection1431 Words   |  6 Pagesvarious types of experiences like bullying, cyber-bullying, discrimination, etc. These types of experiences where perpetrator could also be a child or a group of children can disturb the process of learning. It also has long term effects on the child being bullied and the child/ group of children who are bullying. ‘Department for education advice preventing and tackling bullying (2013) ‘, advices that all the educational settings must prevent and respond to bullying. The Education and InspectionRead MoreBullying And Its Effect On Schools1607 Words   |  7 PagesWhile bullying has occurred for many years, anti- bullying programs in schools are having a strict development. Bullying was not an important subject that was paid much attention in schools or classrooms before 1999. When the Columbine and Virginia Tech shooting happened, schools did not have any anti-bullying programs. In 1999, schools started to implement anti-bullying programs like The Espelage Lab and Collaborator and many others. Unfortunately, bullying is still happening in nowadays. BullyingRead MoreAnti-Bullying Laws and the Just Cause Essay1010 Words   |  5 PagesThere are plenty of aspects when looking at anti-bullying laws and pieces of legislations that have been enacted around the world. There are currently some states in the United States that have laws against bullying. There are supporters and campaigns being launched every day to bring a stop to bullying in schoo ls. There are many aspects that are involved when trying to enact a law into a state. The essential purpose of the law, the reason why it is being enacted. If the bill is passed, who willRead MorePersuasive Essay On Anti Bullying1351 Words   |  6 Pageschanged from school but that was enough. Over 3.2 million students are victims of bullying each year. Approximately 160,000 teens skip school every day because of bullying. Anti-bullying strategies used by schools are not successful because there always bullying in schools due to one who feel superior, it would give a child unrealistic perception of power and control, and will try to deflect attention from the fact that they are struggling. Anti-bullying strategies used by schools are not successful

Essay on Diversity in the NBA - 860 Words

Diversity in the NBA Since the beginning of the National Basketball Association’s history, the number of foreign players has increased exponentially. As a matter of fact, a record ninety-two foreign players from 39 different countries and territories were active on NBA rosters at the beginning of the current season (NBA Tips Off 2013-14 Season with Record International Player Presence†). In today’s game, foreign and international players have become a common site and are fundamental parts of many NBA teams. Ever since Italian-born, Canada raised Henry Biasatti stepped foot on a National Basketball Association court, international talent has become an important part of a, now global, NBA. International players such as Hakeem Olajuwon, Tim†¦show more content†¦Each of these men was voted as the best players on the best teams in the world during their championship season, as they were named Finals MVP (â€Å"International Players No Longer Foreign in NBAâ⠂¬ ). Their incredible careers have been evidence that international players are in the same category as American Hall of Famers from America and have made the NBA more competitive. Also, these great foreign players’ skills have been influential in a global and increasingly diverse NBA. International players have been great individually, even legends in NBA fans’ minds. However, foreign players are just as capable of fitting into and improving a team. Most foreign players are vital to today’s brand of basketball because they play team ball and fill roles on teams. One extraordinary example of foreign players helping a team succeed is the San Antonio Spurs’ international talent. Over the past decade, the San Antonio Spurs have been one of the most prestigious franchises in the NBA, led by three international stars, Tony Parker, Manu Ginobili, and Tim Duncan (Ballard). The Spurs’ trio has ten championships among them and â€Å"with [last] year†™s trip to the NBA Finals, more postseason wins (98) than all but one trio in NBA history: Magic Johnson, Kareem Abdul-Jabbar and Michael Cooper† (Ballard). The Spurs’ success withShow MoreRelated Fair Play In The NBA: A Modest Proposal Essay1009 Words   |  5 Pagesnbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; Fair Play in the NBA: A Modest Proposal nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;As surprising as it may be to those who are not themselves fans of the National Basketball Association, Anglo-Americans are vastly outnumbered by other ethnicities. In fact, African-Americans hold a majority of positions, command higher average salaries, and receive more attention for their accomplishments in the media. Although there are a number of Anglo-Americans employed by the NBA, few ever manage to obtain equalityRead MoreAfrican American And Black Athletes895 Words   |  4 PagesAmerican and black athletes being portrayed as beast like, unintelligent, emotional, dominating, violent, and brutal. The specific sport of focus is the NBA. Black athletes are portrayed as beast and animal like in media images like poster, magazine covers, tee shirts, and game freeze frames. Black players have made many strides in the NBA, nearly 75% of NBA players are black, while only 23% of players are white (The 2015 Racial and Gender Report Card). Although there are ma ny black players the media isRead MoreSWOT Analysis of the Portland Trail Blazers1267 Words   |  6 Pages Mission Statement The Portland Trail Blazers organization is a sports entertainment company dedicated to not only winning NBA Championships, growing new basketball consumers, providing superior entertainment, value and service to the people but making a real difference outside the basketball arena in the local and regional communities. The Trail Blazers work outside the arena to make a difference in the local and regional communities by effectively serving people in need. The Trail BlazersRead MoreDiversity at The National Basketball Association Essay2716 Words   |  11 Pagesbasketball league in the world. The National Basketball Association (NBA) is one of the most diverse businesses in the world, which was the deliberate plan of former NBA commissioner David Stern. The NBA was once an all white and male dominated league, now through years of an aggressive effort to diversify the organization the NBA is now one of the shining beacons for diversity, tolerance and acceptance in the workplace. Former NBA commissioner David Stern spearheaded and put into action on the bestRead MoreAttendance Vs Nba Attendance : Stats, Marketing Strategies, And The Reasoning Behind The Discrepancy1718 Words   |  7 PagesWNBA Attendance v NBA Attendance: Stats, Marketing Strategies, and the Reasoning Behind the Discrepancy Grace E. Rains-Turk California Lutheran University Abstract WNBA attendance and NBA attendance vary significantly. Is this variation a result of women’s professional sports not having a large fan base, differing marketing strategies used by the WNBA and the NBA, less attention to women’s professional sports by the media and sports broadcasting networks, or a combination of allRead MoreRace in Sports Essay1007 Words   |  5 Pages In todays professional sports there is great diversity. In almost any sport you look at there is people of all colors. The three major mens professional sports leagues, the MLB, NFL, and the NBA all had pretty good percentages when it came to minorities. The MLB had 60% white players, 10% African Americans, 28% Latino, and 2% Asian Americans. The NFL had 33% white players, 65% African Americans, 1% Latinos, and 1% Asian Americans. The NBA had 20% white, 78% black, 2 % Latino, and 1 %Read MoreJackie Robinson And Curt Flood1237 Words   |  5 Pagesnational pastime and it remains the single sport which mirrors society and pushes it forward more than any other. Football and basketball have risen to great prominence within the United States, but they cannot match baseball for its history, its diversity, and its growth with the nation from coast to coast. Baseball also offers heroism and an everyday working class style that are not present in any other sport. In a nation with many a thletic pastimes, baseball remains the most American sport. BaseballRead MoreNational Basketball Association Is Not A Diverse Sport Essay2001 Words   |  9 PagesDiversity in NBA The NBA received an A+ for racial hiring practices and a B+ for gender hiring practices with scores of 97.4 points (up from 96.4) and 88 points (up from 86.5), respectively. The overall grade was an A with 92.7 points, up from 90.9 in the 2014 race and gender report card (NBA, 2014). Using empirical evidence one would suggest that the National Basketball Association is not a diverse sport, and is dominated by African American Diversity in basketball. Well NBA is more diverse thenRead MoreTexaco and Chevron1747 Words   |  7 Pagesethical manner. They respect the law, support universal human rights, protect the environment and benefit the communities where we work. Chevron values the rich diversity of ideas, experience and skills of its employees. Chevron works to appreciate diversity in everything they do every day. They express their belief in the value of diversity through principles, practices and accountability.   To become the brand of choice, we rely on our creed of quality, professionalism, service and efficiency. ThisRead MoreIndias Goals for Conservation1347 Words   |  5 Pages Goal 1- Promote Conservation of Biological Diversity of Ecosystems, Habitats and Biomes India’s count of the Protected Area Network (PAN) has increased especially post the ‘Programme of Work on PAs by the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)’ in 2004, by a 15 percent. Almost all state owned forests and other important ecosystems which are outside the PAN were also under some kind of broad-based conservation planning. Fourteen more potential sites were considered to get designated as Biosphere

A Critical Regulatory Issue in Health Care Free Essays

HCS/430 13 Case Law A critical regulatory issue in health care Amanda Whitt HCS/430 13 Case Law A critical regulatory issue in health care Amanda Whitt Ethical problems within hospitals and other facilities has been an ongoing issue for around 35 years. With the fast growth of technology and new medicine, the financial structures that could possibly create more financial concerns. The organizational effects of these issues will start looking at the quality of health care. We will write a custom essay sample on A Critical Regulatory Issue in Health Care or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the economy, the demand from consumers and the production costs will help guide and form a firm structure. Many health care organizations need to use good thinking tasks to make proper decisions. More issues include: patient autonomy, termination of patient treatment, advance directives, confidentiality, and informed consent. Back in the day, hospitals received charitable donations from internal sources of the community. Hospitals are thriving in developing new technology and new science. The price of the new technology for the findings that have sky rocketed and can create future financial concern. The development of new technology can broaden the areas for treatment and if they have the correct tools to perform treatment, then they will get to experience the cost of it as well. With having the new technology in most organizations, patient’s will receive less one on one time with the doctors to ask questions. I have noticed this through a personal experience of mine. I remember I would be in the doctors forever when I was a little girl and nowadays, I am usually in there for a quick visit. The patients pay a lot of money to receive less guidance from your doctor or though it may seem. Paying for health insurance s definitely a costly additive for the patient and does not get any cheaper to carry coverage on their family. Issues with the new technology and science will create more training and certification. This will be an additional cost to the health care facility of where they are introducing the new technology equipment. This can also cause staff to be less interacti ve with their patients because they are focusing on the new programs, equipment, ect. Although, the cost will be noticeable now, but once training and the proper use of equipment is learned, the facility will be saving money in the end. New sciences can develop more jobs and may also create the areas to have a more trained professional who has a distinct job description of the study of the issue. Patient autonomy is where the patients have a right to decide for their own medical care. This decision should not include an influential decision made by the patient’s health care provider but the health care provider is allowed to educate their patients about their possible concerns. The termination of a patient could simply be because the provider may be relocating or retiring. There are cases where a managed care plan may no longer be taking the patient’s insurance coverage. The physician needs to follow the correct steps in order to terminate a patient from their facility because if the physician does not follow the proper steps, then they may run into ethical issues if the patient isn’t given a reasonable cause for this action. An advance health care directive is a written statement of how the patient is wanting to receive treatment in case of a severe injury, illness, or incapacitated which will cause the patient not being able to make their own decisions. It is also known as a Living Will which will help the family members know what their loved ones wanted in case this happened. One of the most critical issues is confidentiality. It is the physician’s role to keep the patient’s medical information kept between the physician and patients. Full disclosure of patient information can help the physician diagnose medical conditions with the proper treatment. The only way the patient’s information may be distributed is by signing a consent form to release their personal information. Informed consent is giving a medical professional consent to perform a procedure or a test that is needed for a health concern. The language on the document of an informed consent must be understood and readable for the patient. Once they have finished reading the document, then a signature from the patient is required because of they perform a procedure that could cause medical harm during it. The patient could go back and sue the facility for not properly following their regulations. In the consent for the patient, there should be statements describing the certain procedure of what the physicians will be performing. The informed consent needs to be given during a specific time frame before the procedure. In conclusion, these ethical issues can be prevented with the proper training of the field. Proper training will lead to better quality of care and safe practices within an organization. The cost of health care will still be an issue down the road because the technology and the new findings of diseases will continue to increase. Following rules and regulations will help organizations grow in a positive setting. It is important for all facilities to become known to a comfortable structure so that they are financially set for any new changes. New changes don’t only benefit the doctors but it also benefits the patient that is receiving the treatment. References 1. Mariner, W. (1995). Journal of Law, Medicine and Ethics. â€Å"Business versus Medical Ethics: Conflicting Standards for Managed Care† pg. 237. http://www. jblearning. com/samples/076374526X/4526X_CH14_235_250. pdf 2. Allison, David, Arch, D. , Uriel Cohen. (2009). The Center for Health Design. Critical Issues in Healthcare Environments. http://www. healthdesign. org/chd/research/critical-issues-healthcare-environments How to cite A Critical Regulatory Issue in Health Care, Essay examples

Network Management and Security for STP Limited- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theNetwork Management and Security for STP Limited. Answer: Project Background Network Project Background STP Limited is the kitchen cabinet providers. STP Limited currently has four offices and those offices are situated in Lithgow, Sydney, Bathurst and Wollongong. The enterprise is known to manufacture drawer fronts as well as the cupboards to all the consumers based in Australia. Now they want to scale up their business that is why they have decided to move to the cloud. STP Limiteds business operations can get embellished with the help of stock control system as well as the accounting software (Laudon and Laudon 2016). The organisation has decided that they want to adopt the information system; the information system is bound to provide them with the benefits by which they can serve the customers well. The report has highlighted all the aspects of information technology and along with that the threats and the vulnerabilities involved with the cloud technology and the information technology has been raised. The report also states that the staffs of the enterprise must have the desired technical knowledge to serve the customers and the enterprise as a whole. Project enhancing the future growth of STP Project scope The Project Scope includes the installation of the database and the system in proper manner across the four offices in Australia. The Wi-Fi connectivity helps STP Limited to stay connected all the time to BYOD (Bring Your Own Device). The network connectivity has been set up in such a way such that the office employees can connect with each other across the four offices. This can be helpful to know about the stock availability of the company. The employees must be trained in technical knowledge so that they must be capable to solve the queries of the customers online (Xu et al. 2014). They can solve the technical problems of the customers. Thus it can be said the information service can scale up the business of STP. The website can be better managed and the web staffs can get benefits due to the technology advancement and information service management. Project goal The project goal is based on the tools and the management staffs, as well as the employees and the technical staff, must use the tools efficiently for better outcomes, the network equipment that can furnish the business growth has been elaborated in details (Beletskaya et al. 2013). The project goal is to facilitate the customer employees relation or the CRM. Strategic alignment of project The strategic alignment of the project can be made only on the basis of the SWOT analysis. The SWOT analysis highlights the threats, strength, opportunities and weakness. The role of system analyst is to determine all the SWOT analysis aspects and in this way, STP Limited can be aware of the potential benefits the information system can bring in to their enterprise (Benner et al. 2014). STP should look upon the weakness and the threats and should try to mitigate those risks and the threats, should look for the opportunities by which they can furnish their business activities. SWOT analysis of STP Limited network project Internal POSITIVE NEGATIVE Strengths Weaknesses Large number of customers Augmented Sales targets Diligent workers Insider Threat Technically unskilled employees Not maintaining rules and procedures External Opportunities Threats The information system gets integrated The employees empowerment The data related to finance gets leaked and the customer information gets leaked. Network Security Securing data The information system can assist STP Limited in gaining the competitive advantage over others, it can also help them to augment their productivity. The internal layers of the information system can act as a fruitful medium with regards to products, people and the people that if established properly can cater the maximum productivity to STP Limited (Bernus, Mertins and Schmidt 2013). People, products, policies and procedures The information system installed in the enterprise has the potential to embellish the core business activities. The rules and regulations if followed in a proper way the business activities can be significantly enriched (Castronova, Goodall and Ercan 2013). The procedures, policies and the proper workforce can change the entire scenario of STP Limited and their profit and market will significantly rise. ISP security and privacy considerations Since STP heavily relies on the Internet, the advanced Internet connection is bound to offer the benefits to conduct the business activities in the more significant way. The Big Pond Network has the potential to defend the negative effect of the cyber threats and STP Limited can choose it for their betterment (Erich, Amrit and Daneva 2014). The ISP can make the payment secure, can make the business operations agile and secure. Mobile device security Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) attacks The employees of STP Limited basically give preference to wireless networking while conducting the business activities. If the network is not secured enough the intruders can take advantage of. They can attack STP Limiteds system and the database and can make the entire system vulnerable to malware attack. There stays the risk of sensitive data of getting stolen (McKeen et al. 2013). BYOD risks The financial risks erupt due to the BYOD risks. The personal sensitive data of the consumers can get compromised. Also, the sensitive financial data of STP Limited can get compromised due to the malicious activities conducted by the attackers and the hackers. The software applications along with the operating system can get disrupted as a result of BYOD risks (Erich, Amrit and Daneva 2014). Thus, BYOD must be installed in an effective manner as they are capable to cater the productivity and the security against the data and security breaches. Plan for hardware purchases Acquisition of new hardware STP Limited has planned to take up new hardware technologies and this new hardware configuration must have the capability to comply with latest software applications and the advanced information system (Tao et al. 2014). The hardware change can definitely ease the information technology system implementation that can provide extra security to the system. End-user feedback and reviews The software applications are getting revolutionised every day with the advent of new innovation from researchers, this software advancement is capable of lessening the scope of malware attack and so there is a lesser chance of security breaches (Motus and Kramees 2014). However, they must comply with the existing hardware resources of the company, and if this occurs the security breaches can happen and the hackers taking advantage of that can gain entry into the vulnerable system (Grabara, Kolcun and Kot 2014). The end user must take into consideration this issue or the fact and must take a decision based on that. Purchasing strategies STP Limited must make proper monetary planning that can facilitate the spending of money on important aspects on future occasions. The enterprise must save and protect money for the future use so that they can collectively take the best decision and best strategy to take the best decision to carry out the business (Fedushko 2014). Via asset register they must serve the suppliers, they must utilise the save money to buy the hardware as per the business requirements. Asset register The asset register clarifies which hardware needs to be altered and the hardware which can significantly enhance the productivity and the security of the enterprise (Wiegers and Beatty 2013). STP Limited must choose the software efficiently as that will benefit the organization in a long way. Office Machine Age Asset effective life Replacement due Wollongong 2 warehouse machines 1 year old 5 years Yes 2 warehouse machines 2 years old 5 years 2.5 years 2 laptops 3 years old 7 years Yes Accounts machine 1 years old 4 years Sydney 4 warehouse and 1 management desktop The new machinery for manufacturing comes with its own system and is all new. 6 months old new 4 years 4 years 4.5 years 3.5 years Bathurst 2 warehouse machines (Desktops with POS software installed) 3 years old 6 years 6 years 1 office machine 6 months old 5 years Lithgow 2 counter machines (Desktops with POS software installed) 5 years old 4 years 4 years 1 office machine 6 months old 5 years 5 years Business continuity STP Limited with the assistance of implementation of the cloud-based applications MTOB, TradeGecko and Salesforce can significantly influence the business operations and huge profit can incur as a result of this (Galliers and Leidner 2014). Data Backup STP has made a wise decision to move to the cloud as that can give them the competitive edge as well as it will help in making an advanced business strategy. STP must choose the cloud server to store files safely and securely. Once the files are stored as backup those files can be accessed from any places, from an electronic device (Brisaboa et al. 2015). Also, in case of physical server they must maintain the database, there are chances of security breaches, if the server is down then they have to stay alert. Physical Security The information security is bound to offer them the necessary benefits with regards to physical safety. They do not have to store data on the physical server. The cloud server will take the responsibility to store data and maintain data (Bano and Zowghi 2013). Therefore, in case of flood, power outages they do not have to worry about the sensitive data of the customers and the financial data of STP Limited. They may minimal effects due to calamities bust the most important thing the data will stay protected in their cloud database. Successful planning For any reasons any employees can remain absent, he or she may suffer from illness (Chakraborty et al. 2015). It may happen the individual is in charge of a specific task of the project and he dies so STP Limited must appoint a successor and STP must prepare him or her for the replacement, so that the appointed individual can be ready to handle the job role at the time of need and can handle the difficult scenario. Stock Control system STP Limited with the aid of information system must develop a website that will show all the available kitchen cabinets ranging from drawer fronts and the cupboards. The cabinets must be displayed in such a way that their colours and the textures can be attractive. Now, once an item gets ordered and shipped the website must be updated and the availability of the stock products must be reflected in that manner accordingly (Chakraborty et al. 2015). Thus all the four offices of STP Limited can be aware of the stock products. Risk management The threats, risks and the vulnerabilities correlated with the cloud computing must be taken into consideration and analysing them in details, STP Limited should take safety measures and precautions to mitigate all these risks and threats (Brisaboa et al. 2015). Security Policy A security model can be beneficial to analyse the risk, threats and the vulnerabilities of the information system that can affect STP Limited and thus a security model can assist to conduct the business operations in a secure and effective manner (Wiegers and Beatty 2013). The change management along with the incident management can provide assistance to install and configure the regulations and the policies within STP Limited. Training and awareness STP Limited must educate their staffs about the significance of information system and the benefits that the information system can bring into the organisation (Galliers and Leidner 2014). All these aspects can assist an employee to take steps against any security breach that occurs within the enterprise. Integration technology Integration of various cloud architecture can enrich productivity of STP Limited. The SaaS model and the PaaS model in collaboration can provide advanced business solutions, PaaS provides more functionality that can be helpful to conduct the business activities over the cloud platform and Salesforce.com is popular to serve the SaaS functionality to STP Limited (Xu et al. 2014). Conclusions It can be concluded from the above discourse STP Limited can enhance their business operations with aid of information system, and with the effective implementation of the information system, they can mitigate the security risks incurred within the organization as well. The report has elaborated all the security policies, people and the procedures associated to ensure the safety and security of the enterprise. The solutions to secure the website, as well as the four offices of STP Limited, has been highlighted and defined elaborately. STP Limited if stays aware all the time then business operations can get embellished in a grand way, STP can get maximum profits and can increase their market share and market growth. Recommendations The implementation of procedures and policies in an effective manner can root out the chances of security breaches and can help to conduct business activities in the smooth, effective and secured way. STP Limited must be careful about the money transactions initially as their network is not secured enough, it will take time for all the things to get set up in time, it will take time for the website to get fully developed, thus STP Limited can carry out the operations once the portal access and the rogue delivery tools are implied. The asset register should be carefully looked upon and STP must be clear about the security policies, procedures and techniques. The enterprise must keep back up of all the sensitive data of the customers and financial data of the business in a safe way. The employees of the four offices must be aware of all the information techniques procedures and the security techniques by which they can both serve STP Limited along with the customers of the company well. The stock control system must be enhanced with the latest information system technology, the website should forecast all the latest kitchen cabinets, cupboards and drawers, once any customer purchases any product, the website must update the same and the exact stock availability must get shown all across the four offices. In this way, the employees of the four offices will be aware of all the available resources and in turn, can update the customers. Bibliography Bano, M. and Zowghi, D., 2013, April. User involvement in software development and system success: a systematic literature review. InProceedings of the 17th International Conference on Evaluation and Assessment in Software Engineering(pp. 125-130). ACM. Beletskaya, S.Y., Zolnikov, V.K., Kravets, O.J., Lapshina, M.L. and Podvalny, E.S., 2013. Specific features of modeling and developing the mathematical and program software for designing intranet-interfaces during competitive development of information systems.World Applied Sciences Journal,23(12), p.64. Benner, K.M., Feather, M.S., Johnson, W.L. and Zorman, L.A., 2014. Utilizing scenarios in the software development process.Information system development process,30, pp.117-134. Bernus, P., Mertins, K. and Schmidt, G.J. eds., 2013.Handbook on architectures of information systems. Springer Science Business Media. Brisaboa, N.R., Cortias, A., Luaces, M.R. and Polla, M., 2015. A reusable software architecture for geographic information systems based on software product line engineering. InModel and Data Engineering(pp. 320-331). Springer International Publishing. Castronova, A.M., Goodall, J.L. and Ercan, M.B., 2013. Integrated modeling within a hydrologic information system: an OpenMI based approach.Environmental Modelling Software,39, pp.263-273. Chakraborty, D., Sarkar, D., Agarwal, S., Dutta, D. and Sharma, J.R., 2015. Web based GIS application using Open Source software for sharing Geospatial Data.International Journal of Advanced Remote Sensing and GIS,4(1), pp.pp-1224. Erich, F., Amrit, C. and Daneva, M., 2014, December. A mapping study on cooperation between information system development and operations. InInternational Conference on Product-Focused Software Process Improvement(pp. 277-280). Springer, Cham. Erich, F., Amrit, C. and Daneva, M., 2014, September. Cooperation between information system development and operations: a literature review. InProceedings of the 8th ACM/IEEE International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering and Measurement(p. 69). ACM. Fedushko, S., 2014. Development of a software for computer-linguistic verification of socio-demographic profile of web-community member.Webology,11(2), p.1. Galliers, R.D. and Leidner, D.E. eds., 2014.Strategic information management: challenges and strategies in managing information systems. Routledge. Grabara, J., Kolcun, M. and Kot, S., 2014. The role of information systems in transport logistics.International Journal of Education and Research,2(2), pp.1-8. Laudon, K.C. and Laudon, J.P., 2016.Management information system. Pearson Education India. McKeen, F., Alexandrovich, I., Berenzon, A., Rozas, C.V., Shafi, H., Shanbhogue, V. and Savagaonkar, U.R., 2013. Innovative instructions and software model for isolated execution.HASP@ ISCA,10. Motus, L. and Kramees, K., 2014, May. A model based design of distributed control system software. InDistributed Computer Control Systems 1982: Proceedings of the Fourth IFAC Workshop, Tallinn, USSR, 24-26 May 1982(p. 93). Elsevier. Tao, F., Cheng, Y., Da Xu, L., Zhang, L. and Li, B.H., 2014. 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A Universal Perspective On Belief Essays - Epistemology, Doubt

A Universal Perspective On Belief: A Universal Perspective on Belief: A Response to Pragmatic and Cartesian Approaches to Epistemology By Britta Rempel (*note to reader:I hope this gives all of you struggling with some concepts in Intro to Philosophy a clearer view on how to approach your own paper, please do not plagerise) The approaches given by Pierce and Nagel to the epistemological questions of doubt and belief, though diverse in that they are strictly pragmatist and Cartesian, contain a similar underlying principle. They both serve to show that belief cannot come from any source that appeals to ones feelings or purposes, experiences or impressions. Beliefs must arise from a non-personal means. Although this is a commonality between the two approaches in epistemology, they are greatly different arguments in their focuses. Pierces pragmatist approach surfaces along the lines of techniques people use to found their beliefs of reality, here assuming reality from the start, and using that as a foundation to delve into questions of the unknown. Nagels look at the Cartesian approach primarily doubts reality, and uses that as the grounds for the rest of his argument, asking how we can know anything beyond ourselves. These approaches lead to very different views on epistemology. Pragmatism: Pierces Approach to Epistemology Pierces approach to his epistemological questions of doubt and belief is solely pragmatic in nature, in that he states beliefs are established in habits, which reoccur in our determining of our actions; doubt, on the other hand, is an uneasy state we want to release ourselves from, to come to a belief (46). We then gather from this, that doubt and belief have positive effects on us, both causing us to act. Pierce begins his approach with a discussion of the irritation of doubt(46). This he describes as an immediate motive for the struggle to attain belief (46). Once this belief is attained, we are entirely satisfied because our opinion is satisfied, which is, as Pierce states, the sole end of inquiry (47). Pierce then goes on to pragmatically examine the question of belief and doubt through four methods. The first is his method of tenacity, which denotes believing any answers we like, and considering everything that is in accordance with that belief, while rejecting all that disrupts our belief (47). It is a process of coming to beliefs that is deliberately adopted, to give one the feeling of satisfaction and stability, which yields great peace of mind (48). Pierce refutes this method, showing that it is unable to hold its ground in a society where people hold contrary beliefs, because this will inevitably shake ones confidence in their own beliefs: we shall necessarily influence each others opinions (48). Pierce then leads us to the method of authority, which states that the will of the state acts as the will of the individual (49). In this method, the institution of the state keeps its people informed of correct doctrines, and teaches them to the young (the institution here having the power to choose what beliefs are held, and which are suppressed). It forces the individual into ignorance and suppression of their own doubts and beliefs, segregating them from the influence of the rest of the world (49). This method has been held throughout history through soci ety and religion, showing results of greater success then the method of tenacity. Pierce refutes this method of intellectual slavery by stating that, while the institution can regulate opinions on important matters, the rest of mens minds must be left to the action of natural causes (50). This leads him into the a priori method, in which we believe what we find ourselves inclined to believe; an impulse to believe in propositions as well as a decision on what proposition is to be believed (50). This method is mainly adopted because ones propositions appear agreeable to reason: Mens opinions will soon lead them to rest on preferences of a far more universal nature. (51). This theory is refuted much as the method of authority. Once one sees that a belief of theirs is determined by a social custom or circumstance extraneous to the facts, one must experience a real doubt, ceasing their belief (51). The method of science is presented last, being

Franz Kline Biography

Franz Kline Biography Franz Klines life story reads like a movie plot: Young artist starts out with high hopes, spends years struggling without success, eventually finds a style, becomes an overnight sensation and dies too soon. Kline was best known for his role as an action painter of abstract expressionism, a movement that was popular in New York during the 1940s and 1950s and introduced the world to artists including Jackson Pollock and Willem de Kooning. Early Life Kline was born on May 23, 1910  Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania. As the cartoonist for his high school newspaper, Kline was a good enough student to leave coal-mining country and attend Boston University. With budding artistic ambition, he went   to study at the Art Students League, and then Heatherly Art School in London. In 1938, he returned to the U.S. with his British wife and settled in New York City. Art Career It seemed New York really didnt care much that Kline had talent back in England and was ready to take on the world. He struggled for years as a figurative artist, doing portraits for two loyal patrons that won him a modest reputation. He also painted city scenes and landscapes, and occasionally resorted to painting barroom murals to pay the rent money. In the mid 1940s, he met de Kooning and Pollock, and began to explore his own growing interest in trying new styles of painting. Kline had been noodling around with black and white for years, creating small brush drawings and projecting them onto the wall of his studio. Now he got rather serious about creating the projected images using just his arm, brush and mental imagery. The pictures that began to emerge were given a solo exhibition in New York in 1950. As a result of the show, Franz became an established name in the art world and his large, black and white compositions- likened to grids, or Oriental calligraphy- achieved notoriety. With his reputation as a leading abstract expressionist secured, Kline concentrated on turning out his new passion. His new work had short, seemingly meaningless names, such as Painting (sometimes followed by a number), New York, Rust or the old stand-by Untitled. He spent his last years trying to introduce color back into the mix, but was cut down in his prime by heart failure. Kline died on May 13, 1962 in New York City. He couldnt explain what his paintings meant, but Kline left the art world with the understanding that explanation of his art was not its intended purpose. His paintings were supposed to make one feel, not comprehend. Important Works Chief, 1950Painting, 1952Painting Number 2, 1954White Forms, 1955Untitled, 1955Lehigh V Span, 1960Le Gros, 1961 Famous Quote The final test of a painting, theirs, mine, any other, is: does the painters emotion come across?

Pieta by Michelangelo Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 11

Pieta by Michelangelo - Essay Example The Pieta is also the only work ever signed by Michelangelo Buonarroti. The Pieta was created during the Renaissance. The Renaissance was a cultural movement that lasted between the 14th and 17th century. It started in Italy in the final period of Middle Ages and consequently spread to the remaining parts of Europe. Socially, the period included creative flowering of vernacular and Latin literature, starting with the 14th century revival of learning found on the basis of classical sources, which contemporaries attributed to Petrarch, the establishment of linear perspective and other methods of portraying a more natural veracity in painting, and steady but extensive educational reform. During this period, the states were made up of four social classes. The nobles were in possession of much of the land. They also stayed on sizeable estates outside the city. They disdained the merchants and lived according to the regulations of gallantry. The merchants were the newly rich. They got thei r wealth from sectors, for example, banking, boat making and wool processing. They tried to safeguard their property by marrying into the noble family and controlling the government. They also became supporters of talented artists so as to acquire public favor. The workers occupied the lowest position. They were extremely dependent on their employers and did not have job security. Those who went against the rules could be dismissed from their occupations or have their wages withheld (Wallace 72). Nonetheless, the workers had better lives than peasants who were situated in the rural areas. Politically, this period played a significant part in the development of the standards of diplomacy. It is often argued that the intellectual change acted as a bridge between the Modern era and the Middle Ages. Even though this period was marked by revolutions in a number of intellectual activities, as well as political concerns, it is conceivably best recognized for its artistic creations. The dis tinctive political structures of this period have made some people to hypothesize that its remarkable social climate permitted the surfacing of an exceptional cultural efflorescence. Also, a large number of the cities during this time were developed among the wrecks of ancient Roman structures. It appears likely that the nature of this period was connected to its basis in the heartland of the Roman Empire (Wallace 74). Economically, there was the surfacing of successful merchants and cities. These merchants got considerable income from foreign customers and their urban subjects. The trade kept the cities functioning. Also, the thoughts were taken to the cities, and capital was amassed. In addition, cities were areas of creative mind and production of wealth. Merchants offered a ready market for goods, and it was only in the city, with the assistance of talented individuals that the development of magnificent goods and the complicated technology of producing books were probable. The social, political, and economic factors contributed Michelangelo Buonarroti’s approach to the creation of the Pieta. Artists of this period required new benefactors to finance their work, and the rich merchants of cities were the ones reasonable to pay the expenditures. The Pieta was one of the works which was supported by the wealthy merchants (Wallace 98).

My Dream Vacation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

My Dream Vacation - Essay Example If I have a lot of money and unlimited time, I would like to go on vacations to India. I have heard a lot about India, its unique culture, exotic natural beauty and cuisine, but have never been there. I want to visit India because she is so unlike my country i.e. the USA. People of India not only look different, they speak a different language and are entirely different from us Americans from every aspect. For one, I love the Indian race because of its facial features. I want to explore the diversity of India. From what I have read about India in the books and seen in the media, I have come to know that it is a land that unites people belonging to different subcultures. I particularly have a great taste for the Indian cinema. Although I don't understand Hindi or Urdu languages, yet they sound very sweet to the ears. The Indian cinematography is one of its kind. I love the heavily beaded dresses, their taste for heavy jewelry and makeup, and most importantly their respect for their ro les and responsibilities as members of a family. One thing that I could never understand about the Indian culture was how the Indians manage to live in the joint family system. Despite all the generational differences and gaps, they spend all their life together. This is something truly remarkable and worth-observing from a closer view, which is one of the main reasons I want to go to India for.

Economic Development and Urban Revitalization Essay

Economic Development and Urban Revitalization - Essay Example Traceable to the reconstruction efforts envisaged after World War II, in an effort of reconstructing Europe, many new towns and cities became founded on this ideal (Bingham & Mier, 1994). As Michael and Robert (1996) allude, they were created around TOD communities with various TOD principles became incorporated into the planning and subsequent development of these areas. Half-a-mile radius circular planning has been the standardized measure between which TOD catchment areas were placed. This distance does correspond to a distance that is manageable, for existing populations to walk, in the quest of accessing transportation. The essence behind this is the provision of features designed with the intention of encouraging utility of public transport means; in addition to distinguishing such a development from what is considered urban sprawls. As part of a given region’s larger undertaking of community economic development, TODs do entail principles of CED strategy. This is primarily a strategic plan that aims at enhancing a given community’s economic development. This is informed by the fact that such strategies can be utilized in not only updating the region’s official Community Plans, but also zoning by-laws. This is informed by the fact that priorities based on economic development, often do have a fundamental impact on community policies; and specifically so, in regard to land-use planning. A professional in economic development would thus be majorly advantaged, having the requisite knowledge of CED strategy; to be further improved through TOD initiatives (Michael & Robert, 1996). In augmenting CED strategies with TOD planning as Fischer (1995) envisages, urban habitations are interconnected in a networked manner, via the prevailing transport network systems; thus enabling easy movement of goods and society.  

Poverty: A Global Issue

Poverty: A Global Issue 2.1 Introduction Poverty is a global issue. All the countries around the world face the problem of poverty, but there are some countries which are poorer than others like the developing countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America. There is no one size fits all definition of the concept of poverty. The poorest people in an industrialized nation maybe well off than the average citizens in a less-developing country. The definition of poverty alternate from regions across the planet. According to the United Nations Human Development Report 1996, the average per capita income of the poorest one-fifth of Americans was $5,814 in 1993. That figure is ten times Tanzanias average per capita income of $580 per year. By Tanzanian standards, Americans in that bottom 20 percent may seem quite well-off. However, by U.S. standards, they are not. They point out that most poor American families own more luxury items and consumer appliances than average Europeans do (UN 1996). Although there are some regions have made considerable progress in reducing poverty, about two thirds of the worlds poor live in Asia and the Pacific, based on a poverty line of one dollar a day. That regions number of the worlds poor exceeds two thirds if the poverty line becomes two dollars. There are more than one billion people in the region whose income is between one and two dollars a day. There are two types of poverty, extreme poverty or absolute poverty and relative poverty. Extreme poverty is known as destitution or absolute poverty and it could be injurious to peoples health and life. In the United States, absolute poverty is traditionally defined as having an annual income that is less than half of the official poverty line (an income level determined by the Bureau of the Census). Absolute poverty in developing nations, as defined by international organisations, like the World Bank, means having a household income of less than US $ 1.25 a day in 2005. Relative poverty is the condition of having fewer resources or less income than the others within a society or country, or compared to worldwide averages. Relative poverty is socially defined and dependent on context, it is a measure of income inequality. The reasons for poverty are not clears. Some people believe that poverty results from a lack of adequate resources on global level-resources such as land, food, and building materials-that are necessary for the well-being or survival of the worlds peopl e. (Adapted from Wikipedia 2012). Other defines poverty as being an effect of the uneven distribution of resources around the world. According to this second line of reasoning, it helps to understand the inequality between the two worlds, one where some people have more than they need to live and one where the people do not have enough to survive. There has been considerable interest in recent years in the ability of non-governmental organisations to work with the poor in order to improve their quality of life and economic status through the provision of credit, skills training, and other inputs for income-generation programmes. The term non-governmental organisation can be broadly viewed as being composed of a wide variety of organisations variously known as private voluntary organisations, civil society organisations and non-profit organisations (McGann and Johnstone,2006). In the cases in where NGOs are totally or partially funded by governments, the NGO maintains its non-governmental status by excluding government representatives from membership in the organization. Defining the term NGOs is ambiguous as they are confusing, contradicting, and sometimes overlapping in defining the terms. The NGOs sector is extremely divers as these organisation have very different structures, goals and motivations. NGOs are generally compos ed of non-profit, voluntary citizens, groups which are organised on a local, national or international level and they have certain interests, causes, or goals. NGOs work in many different fields, but the term is generally associated with those seeking social transformation and improvements in quality of life. There are many NGOs, who are affiliated with international aid and other donors, but NGOs happens not to funds and they try to generate their own, such as selling handicrafts or charging for services. In the recent decades, NGOs have moved from backstage to centre stage in reshaping the world of politics, and are exerting their power and influence in every aspect of international relations and policymaking. NGOs have a positive impact on local and international issues, such as poverty alleviation, conservation of human rights, preserving the environment, and providing worldwide relief. The growth of NGOs has been too a large extent fuelled by the inability of both domestic and international institutions to respond adequately to major economic, social and political changes which have been taking place at a fast pace (Heap, 2000). The nu mber of international non-governmental organisations (INGOs) alone rose from 6,000 in 1990 to reach 26,000 in 1996 (The Economist, 1999), and 37,000 in 2002 (UNDP, 2002). Figures for NGOs operating at national level are much higher: Russia, for instance is estimated to have some 277,000 NGOs and India between 1 million and 2 million NGOs (Chicago Tribune, 2007). In 2006, it was estimated that there were some 1.5 million NGOs in the USA alone (McGann and Johnstone, 2006). 2.2 Evolution and Growth of NGOs International non-governmental organizations have been dating back to at least 1839. In 1914 there were 1083 NGOs (UN 2007). International NGOs played a big part in the anti-slavery movement and the movement for womens suffrage, and reached a peak at the time of the World Disarmament Conference. However, the term non-governmental organization only came into popular use with the establishment of the United Nations Organization in 1945 with provisions in Article 71 of Chapter 10 of the United Nations Charter for a consultative role for organizations which are neither governments nor member states (UN 2007). Globalization occurring during the 20th century gave importance to the rise of NGOs globally and most importantly in developing countries. International treaties and international organizations such as the World Trade Organization centred their interests mostly on capitalist enterprises. In an attempt to counterbalance the interests of these international organizations and internati onal treaties, NGOs were developed to emphasize humanitarian issues, developmental aid and sustainable development. Though the term NGO became known to the world in the year 1839 the voluntary sector around the world is much older than this. In England voluntary work made its way back in the medieval time where the poor were being looked after by the monastery. The poor people and the beggars were taken care by the monasteries and churches. It was like this that in England there was the introduction of the Poor Law and later it became the Welfare States. But in the beginning it all started as voluntary work as the clergy men were not paid to help the poor. Voluntary work has always been present, especially among the religious organisations, giving food or money was common. NGOs in its traditional form have been working in different religious trust-based schools, hospitals and orphanages. In India NGOs became known in 1980s but voluntary work started after the independent from the British in 1946. In independent India, voluntary organizations started by Gandhi and his disciples were to fill in the gaps left by the government in the development process. In the 1980s, however, the groups who were now known as NGOs became more specialized, and the voluntary movement was fragmented into different groups. 2.3 Evolution of NGOs in Mauritius NGOs in Mauritius started with voluntary works for the welfare of society. In the past, such type of social works started with the bourgeoisie class, the young girls from the upper class where were doing charity work to help the poor like giving them food and sometimes educating them. Later on this voluntary work was untaken by other agencies like the church or other religious bodies, like for example Arya Samaj who helps poor people by giving free education to their children and till now it is still done. Much of the charity work and voluntary work which are done now were performed in the past by religious organisations. They worked dependently from the government even if the government were allocating them money. NGOs are present where the government or other organisations have failed to cater for those in need. There are a large number of religious organisations that are considered to form part of NGOs according to Macoss. Some examples of these organisations are: Al Marjaan Islam ic Secular Institute, Hindu Maha Sabha, Jummah Mosque Port Louis, Arya Sabha, and Adventist Development Relief Agency. NGOs became known quiet recently thought Macoss (Mauritius Council of Social Service) in Mauritius. The Mauritius Council of Social Service was founded in November 1965 and it was incorporated, under Act 55 of 1970, voted in Parliament, providing the legal framework of the Council. As an Umbrella organisation for NGOS, Macoss seeks to promote Social and Community Development and Voluntary Actions through Non-Governmental Organisations. It helps its members by initiating communication, collaboration and networking among NGOs and between NGOs, Government and private sector, primarily through meetings, workshops, consultation and institutional development activities. Macoss also facilitates its members organisations and strengthens their organisation capacity. Macoss plays a leadership role in good governance, policy, advocacy, capacity building and innovation for a vibrant, efficient and effective Non Government Organisation sector and Civil Society Organisation. 2.4 Causes of Poverty Poverty is like a vicious circle. Poverty causes poverty. Just as the rich people get richer as they are already rich and the poor get poorer because they live in poverty. Poverty has many causes and some of them are very basic. Some experts suggest that poverty is caused due few employment or lack of food. The basic factors that may lead to poverty are: inadequate education and employment opportunities overpopulation, inability to meet standard of living and cost of living, certain economic and demographic trends, the unequal distribution of resources in the global economy, welfare incentives and environmental degradation. 2.4.1 Overpopulation Overpopulation is the situation where large numbers of people have too few resources and too little space, and this is closely associated with poor people. This overpopulation can result from high population density, which is the number of people to land suface, usually showed as numbers of people per square kilometre or square mile, or there are low amounts of resources, or from both. Very high population densities put stress on resources that are available. Only a certain amount of people can be supported on a given surface of land, and that number depends on how much food and other resources the area can provide. In countries where people live by primary means of basic farming, gardening, herding, hunting, and gathering, even where there are larger land surfaces the production of food is still low given the number of people are small is due to the production means. The production means is not intense enough to produce large amount of food to feed large amount of people. 2.4.2 High Standards of Living and Costs of Living People in developed countries generally enjoy a higher standard of living because these nations may have more in terms of resource and wealth than those in developing countries. People who may have adequate resources and wealth in a developing country maybe be considered as poor in a developed country. For example people in America, on average, tend to expect to make, about $30,000 per year. They may also expect to rent a house or an apartment with electricity facilities and water supply, to able to buy food to eat and clothes, and get health care provision. In addition, many of these people hope to afford other expenses, such as, the purchases material not need for survival, such as cars, entertainment and high priced food. In comparison, people in most developing countries usually may consider themselves to be well off if they have productive agriculture, some cattle, and a house made out of mud-bricks. In the rural areas, people can be used to not having water facilities, electric ity, or adequate health facilities. Developed countries tend to have a high cost of living, even the most basic lifestyle with few or no luxuries; can be relatively expensive as compared to developing countries. Most people in the United States, Canada, Japan, Australia, western European nations, and other developed countries cannot obtain adequate food, clothing, and shelter without ample amounts of money. In some areas, even people with jobs that pay the legal minimum wage may not be able to cover their basic expenses. People who cannot find well-paying jobs often have no spare income for emergency expenses, and many rely on state welfare to survive. In Mauritius about 106,000 citizens or 8.5% of the population live in absolute poverty; this is according to figures released by the Ministry of Finance. These figures reveal that the number of Mauritians living under the poverty line is increasing. From 8.2% in 1996/97, it fell to 7.8% in 2001/2002 to reach 8.5% in 2006/2007. The minimum wage for an adult living in a poor family is estimated at Rs 3,821 monthly. In Rodrigues, the rate of poverty is higher. It is estimated at 32.4% in 2006/2007 against28.7% in 2001/02. 2.4.3 Inadequate Education and Employment Illiteracy and lack of education are very frequent in developing countries. Very often the state of developing countries cannot afford to cater for good educational facilities to the people, especially those living in rural areas. Whereas in industrialized countries nearly all children have access to at least the basic education, in sub-Saharan Africa only about 60 per cent children go to elementary school. Without education, most people in the developing countries are unable to find income-generating work. Poor people are also often propelled schooling so as to concentrate on earning a minimal living. In addition, developing countries tend to have fewer employment opportunities as compared to developed countries, especially for women. Resulting in the fact that, schooling is perceived as being crucial to people. Even in developed nations, unemployment rates may be high. When people do not work, they cannot earn a living; thus, high rate of poverty is a result of high unemployment. The amount of employment that is available also tends to fluctuate; creating high unemployment periods. If the unemployment level in countries with high population increases with only a few points, this leads to millions of people who are able to work and earn a living. Because unemployment figures indicate only the number of people eligible to work who have no job but are seeking employment, such figures are not necessarily an accurate indicator of the number of people living in poverty. 2.4.4 Economic and Demographic Trends Economic trends can sometimes be linked with poverty in many developed countries. In the year 1950s and 1960s, for example, in the United States most people experienced a growth in their income due to economic boom and in Mauritius it was in mid 1970s. The average income of a family was doubled in that period even with inflation. However, there was a rise in the standard of living taking into consideration inflation, between the years 1970s and the years 1990s. Young people and less-educated ones are more affected when there are periods of economic recession as they find it difficult to get a job and support them. Poverty levels have also been increased with changes in labor markets in developed countries. In many developed countries the amount of poor has increased resulting from the inequalities in the distribution of resources. For example, since the 1970s, the 20 percent poorest of all U.S. households have earned an increasingly smaller percentage of the total national income while the wealthiest 5 percent of households have earned an increasingly greater percentage. During mostly of this period, due to an increase in the cost of living the middle and those at the bottom in the distribution line have worsened. 2.4.5 Individual Responsibility and Welfare Dependency There are different schools of thought about individual responsibility for poverty. Some believe that there is a proportion of the society who would stay in poverty no matter what due to the structure of society. While some other thinks that due to some dysfunctions of some social institutions such as the labour force, poverty would be pertaining. According to this school of thought poverty id beyond the control of the people who are in it, but this problem can be remedied if proper policies are implemented. There are other people who think that the poor people tend to stay in poverty intentionally. For example, there are people who choose to take drugs voluntarily leading them to stay in poverty these people can be blame for their situation. Adding to that there are those who think that many people in developed countries tend to throw the blame on cycles of poverty, people who have the tendency to remain poor, or they depend on the generosity of the welfare institutions. Those who support this view includes some politicians, criticize the government to spend too much on the poverty though welfare programs. They argue that such welfare programs encourage people to stay in poverty in so as to benefit from payments continuously. They also argue that these welfare programs discourage marriage and work. In the American society and several other developed countries, being employed reduces their welfare supports and it is the same if a single parent gets married. 2.5 NGOs Performance in Poverty Alleviation in Other Countries According A.K.M. Ahsan Ullah, Jayant K. Routray, (2007), a very important aspect of poverty in Bangladesh is unemployment or being under-employment. These people are dependent mostly on agriculture to survive in the rural areas and most of the time they are not owners of the land or own too little land to be able support their family. There are more than 20,000 NGOs have been performing in Bangladesh with two major aims of alleviating rural poverty and empowerment of the women. However, the phenomena of poverty in Bangladesh are much higher as compared to the East Asian countries and the South Asian neighbours. Since, poverty is persistent in Bangladesh, the great majority of the poor do not own their land, and there is relatively few number of formal sector employment opportunities in rural areas, poverty alleviation strategies of NGOs have focused particularly on the possibilities for generating income as a solution. One of the major reasons for the increasing use of NGOs in countr ies like Bangladesh in the developmental activities is to find an alternative and better channel for development aid in the third world countries. All the NGOs work with two basic missions, to alleviate poverty and empowering the poor, especially women (Lovell, 1996; BRAC, 2000) by organizing them into small groups at the village level, arranging adult literacy programmes, providing necessary training and regular discussions on particular issues. Nearly, 60 million people of the population of Bangladesh have been brought under different health programmes by NGOs. These programmes aimed at reducing childhood and maternal morbidity and mortality; and increasing awareness about sexual health. NGOs non-formal primary education programme has covered about three million children from poor families. Among which the majority of the children are girls. Non-formal primary education programme of the BRAC (Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee) is regarded as the worlds biggest private sector educational system and is being replicated in other countries of the world as well (BRAC, 2000; Proshika, 2001). According to Keith M. Henderson author of Alternatives to imposed administrative reform: the NGOs: In the Caribbean, NGOs serve as intermediate between the micro-level of the poorest household and the formal institution of the state (a role which might otherwise be served by political parties or trade unions). NGOs and local development organizations (LDOs) are widely seen as agents for alternative development, particularly because, as a sector, they have begun to formulate development policy in order to improve considerably the life of the citizens and often with a direct impact on official aid policies. Along with the larger efforts, such as the Village Awakening Movement in India which operates in thousands of villages, and the related Sarvodaya Shramadana movement in Sri Lanka which focused on small scale village improvement projects in more than 8,000 villages, are the Christian Base Communities found in Brazilian rural areas. The State very often is unable to cater for these poor villages in India and rural areas in Brazil. These movements perform important service-delivery functions. In Latin America, pervasive distrust of the US has resulted in a variety of indigenous organizational forms often unsustainable and a fertile ground for grass-roots movements. Considerable attention has been given to the political role of such activities; much of the literature is in Spanish. In Eastern Europe and the former Soviet republics, the term foundation covers a multitude of private groups organized for collective action. In Africa, numerous small-scale self-help projects, such as banking schemes, food storage arrangements, barter exchanges, family planning, and traditional medicine centres, have been initiated by peasant farmers with the help of NGOs. According to Mritiunjoy Mohanty (2006) NGOs in Bangladesh have been using the microcredit as a means to alleviate poverty there. Microcredit is the extension of very small loans to impoverished borrowers who typically lack collateral, steady employment and a verifiable credit history. It is designed not only to support entrepreneurship and alleviate poverty, but also in many cases to empower women and uplift entire communities by extension. In many communities worldwide, in developed and developing nations alike, women lack the highly stable employment histories that traditional lenders tend to require (2012). Noting the pioneering work done by Mr. Yunus and the Grameen Bank, it is worth recording that it has been providing the poor in Bangladesh as a medium of access to financial resources. There are other NGOs that have walked, struggled and prospered down the same path, as the Grameen bank has since the 1970s and the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee or BRAC. To draw attentio n to the role of other NGOs involved in microcredit is not to take away from the catalytic role Mr. Yunus and the Grameen Bank played both at home and abroad in furthering the microcredit movement but it is to show the work they have accomplished together in poverty alleviating in Bangladesh. 2.6 NGOs Performance in Poverty Alleviation in Mauritius There is a number of NGOs working in order to alleviate poverty in Mauritius such as SOS Poverty, Caritas Mauritius and Currimjee Foundation, Le Centre Des Pauvres, Maison Familiale Rurale Du Nord, etcà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ These NGOs help people in different ways like for example in Maison Familiale Rurale Du Nord they try to eradicate poverty by sensitizing youngsters from poor families. The young people are given training in hotel mechanics, agriculture and hospital services. They promote a sense of entrepreneurship among these young people and encourage a sense of social inclusion to help them come out of their poverty. SOS Poverty is a non-governmental and charitable organization set up to fight poverty and social injustices in the country. So far they have implemented a global plan of actions, comprising of several micro projects implemented, laying emphasis on two major factors: Education and Economic. Their field of action consist of pre-primary education, women empowerment like org anising a corporate organisation in order to help women wanting to work and earn a living to come out of poverty. They endeavour to combat poverty through inclusive education/ training programmes and self-help socio-economic programmes. The Currimjee Foundation in association with several other NGOS and NEF (National Empowerment Foundation) has planned out a project on poverty alleviation in Mauritius. The project is about helping people in absolute poverty who cannot afford to build a house. They would be constructing 50 houses in concrete with aluminium ceiling with square metres of 21to 25 and costing around Rs 165,000 each. The Currimjee Foundation also sponsors scholarships of Rs 20,000 to needy students attending University of Mauritius and University of Technology of Mauritius. Le Centre Des Pauvres which is found at Grand Riviere Nord Ouest Port Louis provide poor people with clothes and organise food donation. Children are give education materials such as books, copybooks pencils etc and to smaller children toys are given to them. NGOs have been performing well in different countries around the world. They have been able to help people especially where the government have somehow failed to provide for their citizens. They have brought some light to the peoples life. There are countless things that the NGOs have done the state would not have been able to do as the NGOs works at a micro level. It is easy for them to target the needy people. They have more personal contact with the individual and they are very often on field. And the people also know where to turn to seek help. Poverty alleviation is a tremendous task for every country in the world is it developed countries or developing countries, without the efforts showed by NGOs one third of the work accomplished now would not have been done left alone on the state and other institutions.

French Influence of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight :: Sir Gawain Green Knight Essays

French Influence of Sir Gawain and The Green Knight      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sir Gawain and the Green Knight utilizes the convention of the French-influenced romance. What sets this work apart from regular Arthurian or chivalric romances is the poet's departure from this convention.   The clearest departure takes place at the resolution of the piece as the hero, Sir Gawain, is stricken with shame and remorse rather than modest knightly pride, even after facing what appears to be certain death and returning to his king alive and well.   Although this manner of closure would leave much to be desired for an audience who is interested in reading a ridigly conventional romance, the coexistence of the romantic convention with the departure from it inspires questions concerning why the author would choose to work within such guidelines and what the significance is of breaching those guidelines.   By employing the chivalric convention in romantic literature and then going beyond it to reveal other ways of thinking, the writer challenges the very notion of chivalric conventions of the surrounding social climate.   He demonstrates throughout the work a need for balance.   As symbolied by the pentangle worn by Sir Gawain, representing the balanced points of chivalric virture, each being codependent of the other in order to remain a whole, the narrative could be considered as a      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   What accompanies an appreciation for the seemingly sudden shift from the typical romance at the end of the piece is the raised awareness that the change does only seem to be sudden.   Careful exlporation of the plot, setting, and character descriptions illuminates several deviations from the established convention of the ideal society existing within the text.   The effect is then a type of balancing act-- blah blah blah      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The opening of the piece sets a fairly typical stage for an Anthurian romance, giving relevant historical and geographical information. King Arthur's court is going on as it is expected to be within the social constructs, merrily feasting and celebrating the Christmas holiday.   The entrance of the Green Knight into Arthur's court marks a significant event. He is a courtly figure from their recognizable world.   He appears as a knight ought to appear: tall, handsome, and fashionably dressed; however, the Green Knight's adherence to the conventions of the court is offset by

Comparison of Setting between Wuthering Heights and Jane Eyre Essay

In two literary works, Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte and Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, setting plays an important role. Setting can be described as the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] and place in which an event occurs. It helps the reader to understand the story and where the character is coming from. Both the authors associate setting to the characters in the story. In Wuthering Heights, the setting represents the nature or characteristics of the characters; while in Jane Eyre, the setting has a function to show the character’s development throughout the story. Throughout the novel Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte effectively uses weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] and setting to give the reader the inside of the personal [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=personal&%3Bv=56] feeling of the characters. The setting used throughout the novel, helps to set the mood to describe the characters. There are two main settings in Wuthering Heights: the houses [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=houses&%3Bv=56] of Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange. Each house represents its inhabitants. The wild, uncivilized manner of Wuthering Heights and the high cultured, civilized nature of Thrushcross Grange are reflected in the characters who inhabit them. Wuthering Heights is a house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] set high upon a hill where is exposed to extreme weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] conditions. The name of the place itself is symbolic of its nature, â€Å"Wuthering being a significant provincial adjective, descriptive of the atmospheric tumult to which its station is exposed in stormy weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56].† (page 2). Heights is a bleak, thick-walled farmhouse surrounded by wild, windy moors. The Heights is â€Å"strong,† â€Å"built with narrow windows [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=windows&%3Bv=56] and jutting  cornerstones,† and is â€Å"fortified to withstand harsh conditions† (page 2). The path that is nearest to the Heights is long and winding, with â€Å"many pits, at least, were filled to a level; and entire ranges of mounds, the refuse of the quarries . . . blotted from the chart† (page 19). The description of, â€Å"a few stunted firs at the end of the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56],† and, â€Å"a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun.† (page 2) proves that even the vegetation surrounding the structure conjures images that lack warmth and happiness.[1] Moreover, as the story goes on, the image of â€Å"a range of gaunt thorns all stretching their limbs one way, as if craving alms of the sun† is similar to the condition of Heathcliff (the thorn) as he tries to ‘reach’ Catherine (the sun) The Heights’ appearance is wild, untamed, disordered, and hard. The characters at Heights tend to be strong, wild, and passionate, much like the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] itself. Heathcliff is Wuthering Height’s human incarnation. He is abusive, brutal and cruel, and as wild and dark as the moors surrounding Heights.[2] Catherine is stubborn, mischievous, wild, impulsive, and arrogant; Hindley is wild, uncontrollable, jealous and revengeful. In Heights, everyone shouts; pinching, slapping and hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56] pulling occur constantly. Catherine, instead of shaking her gently, wakes Nelly Dean up by pulling her hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56].[1] â€Å"The bleak and harsh nature of the Yorkshire hills is not a geographic accident. It mirrors the roughness of those who live there†[2] As a whole, Heights symbolizes hate, anger, and jealousy. Opposite of Wuthering Heights, Thrushcross Grange is set within a lush, protected valley and is covered by a high stonewall. It is filled with light and warmth â€Å"Unlike Wuthering Heights, it is elegant and comfortable-‘a splendid place carpeted with crimson, and crimson covered chairs and tables, and a pure white ceiling bordered by gold’.†[1] It is surrounded by neat, orderly parks and gardens. The Grange is extremely luxurious and beautiful; filled with music [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=music&%3Bv=56],  books [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=books&%3Bv=56], and other lovely objects which express a civilized, controlled atmosphere. The house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] is neat and orderly, comfortable and refined, and there is always an abundance of light.[2] The characters at the Grange are passive, civilized, and calm, which personifies the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] they live in. The Lintons are all very polite, respectable people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. They are characterized as having, â€Å"pure, pale skin,† and â€Å"light hair [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=hair&%3Bv=56].† The residents of this house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] have much lighter-sounding names than those in Heights — Edgar and Isabella. Isabella and Edgar Linton are well behaved and gentle, as refined and civilized as the Grange; Catherine Linton is energetic and warm-hearted, relating to the bright, cheery air of the Grange.[2] In contrast, Heights is governed by natural elements, especially wind, water [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=water&%3Bv=56], fire, and animals. The world at Grange, however, revolves around reason, formality, and money [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=money&%3Bv=56].[2] Heathcliff and Catherine belong to the natural and immaterial world while the Lintons live in a purely material society. Moreover, the inhabitants of Heights were working-class, while those of the Grange were upper-class society. All of the characters in the novel also reflect the masculine and feminine values of the places they live in. Heights is extremely masculine in that it is strong, wild, and primitive, whereas the Grange is seen as more feminine with marked decadence and gentility.[2] Catherine Earnshaw is willful, wild, and strong (masculine) while Edgar Linton is described as weak person (feminine). Heathcliff is always out of place at Grange because he is absolutely masculine. The Lintons are a contrast to Catherine and Heathcliff in that they are safe, spoiled, and cowardly as opposed to being self-willed, strong, and rebellious.[2] When Edgar Linton insults  Heathcliff, Heathcliff throws a bowl of hot applesauce on Edgar, and in response Edgar whines and cries instead of fighting back. While Heights was always full of activity, sometimes to the point of chaos, life at the Grange always seemed peaceful. Heights was always in a state of storminess while Grange always seemed calm.[1] Brontà « made Heathcliff and Wuthering Heights as one, making them both cold, dark, and menacing, similar to a storm. She also made Thrushcross Grange parallel with the Lintons, which has more of a welcoming, peaceful setting. The marriage of Edgar and Catherine is doomed from the very beginning not only because she does not love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] him, but also because each one is so strongly associated with the values of his or her home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56]. Only Hareton and Catherine Linton can sustain a successful mutual relationship because each embodies the psychological characteristics of both Heights and Grange.[2] Catherine appears to display more Linton characteristics than Earnshaw, but her desire to explore the wilderness outside of the Grange links her strongly to the wild Heights people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. Hareton is rough on the edges because of the influence Heathcliff has had on him, but he has a kind and gentle heart as well as a desire to learn and better himself, which makes for an interesting combination of the characteristics of each household. At the end of the story, the garden that Cathy Linton planted is filled with twisted fir trees and domestic plant. These two kinds of plants joining together represent her personality very well. She has wildness, as the twisted fir tree like her mother, and civility as the domestic plants like her father.[2] Emily Bronte also uses weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] and seasons to create atmosphere and reflect the feelings of the characters. For example, after Heathcliff runs away: â€Å"There was a violent wind, as well as thunder† and a â€Å"storm came rattling over the Heights in full fury† (page 53). This  emphasizes the storm of feelings in the characters concerned.[3] Bronte is able to allow the outer weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] to symbolize the inner emotional state of Catherine.[4] Other example of changes in the weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] is when Cathy’s mood changes after her meeting with Heathcliff: â€Å"The rain began to drive through the moaning branches of the trees, and warned us to avoid delay†¦Catherine’s heart was clouded now in double darkness† (page 148).[3] Toward the end of the novel, around the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] of Lockwood’s return to visit Heights, the weather [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=weather&%3Bv=56] suddenly becomes kinder and the setting is friendlier[4] â€Å"It was sweet, warm weather† (page 192). There was â€Å"a fragrance of stocks [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=stocks&%3Bv=56] and wall flowers [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=flowers&%3Bv=56], [that] wafted on the air, from amongst them homely fruit trees†. This represents the peaceful in the Heights. Fundamentally, Bronte’s Wuthering Heights is a tale of two very different households that produce two very different types of people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56]. As its name suggests, Wuthering Heights is exposed to the wildness of the elements, and it first generation characters are associated with the ‘heights’ of passion. Thruscross Grange has gentler, more cultivated, perhaps Christian (‘cross’) connotations, and it first generation characters are more civilized. In the second generation, the contrast becomes blurred, as Cathy and Hareton plant flowers [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=flowers&%3Bv=56] from the Grange in their garden at the Heights, and finally move to the Grange.[3] Connecting the setting with the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] the novel was written, the contrast between the houses [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=houses&%3Bv=56] portrays the death or decline of Romanticism. Heights is representative of Romantic excess;  wild, passionate, hard. Romantics worshipped nature and were quick to show emotion and/or passion. The Heights is Romanticism taken to excess. Grange, on the other hand, represents the predominant Victorian values of the time–repression of emotions, education [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=education&%3Bv=56], and money [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=money&%3Bv=56]. The end of Wuthering Heights (Cathy and Hareton abandoning Heights and moving [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=moving&%3Bv=56] to Grange) represents the end of Romanticism, and the ultimate dominance of Victorian values.[5] For Jane Eyre, the settings describe the development in Jane’s life. Charlotte Bronte sets her story in the 1840’s, a time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] often referred as the Victorian age. By doing this, the reader can get a sense of how women were treated, and what responsibilities they were required to maintain in society. Jane lives in a world and in a time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] where society thought women were too fragile to ponder. Women at the time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] have barely any rights at all and are not allowed prominent positions.[6] Jane was a very strong woman for her time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56], as she did not allow people [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=people&%3Bv=56] to mistreat her. She is on a constant search [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=search&%3Bv=56] for love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] and goes to many places to find it. Throughout Jane Eyre, as Jane herself moves from one physical location to another (Gateshead Hall, Lowood Institution, Thornfield Manor, Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], and Ferndean Manor), the settings match the conflicting circumstances Jane finds herself in at each. â€Å"Each time [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=time&%3Bv=56] Jane moves from one locale to another the narrative breaks to set the scene and stress [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=stress&%3Bv=56] that this setting  will form a new stage in Jane’s life†[7] As Jane grows older and her hopes and dreams change, the settings she finds herself in are perfectly accustomed to her state of mind, but her circumstances are always defined by the walls, real and figurative, around her.[8] As a young girl, she is essentially trapped in Gateshead. Her life as a child is sharply delineated by the walls of the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56]. She is not made to feel wanted within them and her emotional needs were ignored. Another place, Lowood, is bounded by high walls that sharply define Jane’s world. Except for Sunday services, the girls of Lowood never leave the limits of those walls. Jane has always lived within physical walls and even as a teacher at Lowood had to get permission to leave. Thornfield is in the open country and Jane is free [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=free&%3Bv=56] from restrictions on her movements. She is still restricted, in a sense, but now she is living with relative freedom.[8] This home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] was a turning point in Jane’s life because it was the place that major maturing took place in Jane’s life. She finally was able to feel true love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] and be loved back, and the love that she had was true love. At Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], the walls that Jane finds herself within are attractive because of the companionship of Mary and Diana. In the end, she returns to Rochester at Ferndean and, she thinks, to the walls that suit her best. All the walls that had restricted her are gone. She has moved beyond the walls and can be the person that she truly is.[8] This home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] was very different than the other ones that Jane lived in; it was the one that she was truly happy in although it was just a simple home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56]. Each setting is dominated by different tone. At Gateshead, the tone is passionate, superstitious, and wild. This shows us the irrational elements in Jane’s character. The tone at Lowood is cold, hard, and constrained and reflects the limitations placed on young women by religious thought and social convention. At Thornfield, the setting is personal [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=personal&%3Bv=56] and symbolic, for instance the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] itself is identified with Rochester.[7] At Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56] the tone again becomes more stifling and oppressive as Jane slips back into a more conventional way of behaving, and begin to feel the limitations of St John’s urge to self-sacrifice.[7] When we finally reach Ferndean, we move at last from fear and anticipation to delight. The novel therefore swings between the irrational – Gateshead and Thornfield – and the ratio nal – Lowood and Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56] – reflecting the division within Jane herself, until resolution is achieved at Ferndean.[7] Here, we can see that Bronte uses setting as an important role in the search [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=search&%3Bv=56] for domesticity. Instead of returning to her childhood home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] to find domesticity, Jane cannot find home [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=home&%3Bv=56] until she moves to a totally different place. Setting plays an equally important role as she moves from Gateshead Hall to Lowood to Thornfield to Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], and finally to Freudian Manor. She cannot find her native ideal at Gateshead Hall, the site of her childhood torment; or Lowood, a boarding school; or Thornfield, where Rochester hid his first wife and almost became a bigamist; or Moor House [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=House&%3Bv=56], where St. John’s presence constantly reminds her of true love [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=love&%3Bv=56] rarity. She and Rochester can on ly create their own domestic haven in a totally new and fresh setting. Consequently, by allowing Jane to go through so many different settings, Bronte is showing the growth that she undergoes. This growth is from a temperamental young girl to a strong married woman. From those two novels discussed here, we can see that both authors use setting as an important mean in building the characters. If in Wuthering Heights the setting has a function to tell about the character’s nature; where each character distinctly represents the house [http://www.ntsearch.com/search.php?q=house&%3Bv=56] he or she lives in and the values associated with it; then Jane Eyre uses setting to show the development happens in the character’s life. From here, we can see that the setting seems to mimic the feeling of the individuals that are within the novel.